The western long-beaked echidna — the largest of the four living echidnas — uses its elongated snout and spiny tongue to catch slippery earthworms. It is Critically Endangered, and found only in western New Guinea.

The hooded pitohui is one of the few known toxic birds. Like poison dart frogs, it builds up toxins in its body — likely from beetles that it eats — storing them most potently in its feathers which can cause an itching, burning, and numbing sensation when touched.